The school leavers' guide to getting a job in England/Wales

An introduction to your options after school

Leaving school can feel like a big moment. After years of education—and probably looking forward to some freedom—your final days at school can arrive surprisingly fast. You're expected to have a plan and feel ready for the world of work, but it's normal to feel the opposite—unprepared and unsure about what the future holds. The good news? You're more ready than you think.

Everyone leaving school is in the same boat, dealing with mixed emotions and outside pressure. While what you do next can shape your future, don't let that stop you from exploring the many options out there. This is an exciting time to kick-start your career and discover new opportunities.

We'll be looking at apprenticeships, where to start looking for jobs, and other useful options to help you make informed choices and start building a successful future.

A brief timeline

Most of you reading this will be familiar with the English school system, but for clarity, here’s a quick recap. You’ll typically spend seven years in primary school (Reception to Year 6) before moving on to secondary school in Year 7. You’ll then study towards your GCSEs in Year 10 and Year 11.

After Year 11, when you turn 16, you have a range of options. While education or training is compulsory until you’re 18, this doesn’t mean you have to stay in school. You can continue your studies, enter the workforce, or even take up a mix of both.

Your Options After School

So, what are your options after finishing school? Here’s a look at some of the paths available to you:

  • A-Levels: Staying in school or going to college to study A-levels is a popular choice for many. A-levels typically last two years, and you’ll need them if you’re aiming to go to university. They allow you to specialise in subjects that interest you, from sciences to the arts.
  • Vocational Courses: If traditional academic routes aren’t your thing, vocational qualifications, like BTECs or T-Levels, provide hands-on learning in specific industries such as IT, health, engineering, and more. These can lead directly to careers or further education.
  • Apprenticeships: Want to earn while you learn? Apprenticeships combine work with study, allowing you to gain qualifications while building practical experience. They’re available across many sectors and are a great way to start a career without going down the traditional university route.
  • Traineeships: These are short-term programmes designed to help young people develop the skills they need for an apprenticeship or job. If you’re not quite ready for an apprenticeship, a traineeship could be a good stepping stone.
  • University: If higher education is your goal, university offers the chance to study a subject in-depth while gaining a degree. To get into university, you’ll typically need to complete A-levels or equivalent qualifications like BTECs or T-Levels.
  • Employment: You can also look for full-time employment, either immediately after your GCSEs or post-16 education. Many employers offer entry-level positions or trainee schemes for school leavers, giving you a chance to develop your skills and progress within a company.
  • Volunteering or a Gap Year: If you’re unsure of what to do next or want time to think about your options, taking a gap year to travel, volunteer, or gain new experiences can be a great way to develop life skills and explore new interests.

When Can You Leave School?

In England, you can leave school on the last Friday in June of the school year if you turn 16 by the end of that summer holiday. However, you must do one of the following until you’re 18:

  • Stay in full-time education (such as A-levels, T-levels, or other college courses)
  • Start an apprenticeship or traineeship
  • Spend 20 hours or more a week working or volunteering while in part-time education or training

Recap of the English School System

Most of you will finish Year 11 at the age of 16 after taking your GCSEs. From there, you’re required to stay in some form of education or training until you’re 18, but there’s flexibility in how you do this. Whether you choose A-levels, an apprenticeship, or full-time work combined with study, there are many routes available to help you shape your future.

The next steps: choosing what you want to do

Everyone will have an opinion about what you should do after leaving school. Whether it’s an aunt who thinks you’d be great as a teacher or a friend trying to convince you to join them at university, people will want to offer advice. While they may mean well, the flood of opinions can sometimes be overwhelming and confusing. In the end, remember it’s your choice.

Some people have a clear vision of the path they want to take, while others feel uncertain. If you're struggling to decide, that's okay. There are some key questions you can ask yourself to help guide your decision:

  • Do you want to continue in education, or does your desired career path require more qualifications? Don’t stay in further education just because you’re unsure of what else to do. If your dream job requires further study or qualifications, then it makes sense to explore your options. Research courses and pathways that will get you there.
  • Can you see yourself motivated to get up and go to work every day? It’s important to enjoy what you do. Think about the kind of roles that excite you—whether it’s hands-on work, hitting monthly targets, or planning large events. Finding a job that matches your interests will make the daily routine something you look forward to.
  • Could you do some work experience? To understand whether you’ll enjoy a particular career, try gaining some work experience. It’s a great way to get a feel for the job’s day-to-day activities and see if you’d thrive in that environment. Don’t be afraid to experiment and try out different roles.
  • Does it offer job security and opportunities for progression? While it may not be your main focus right now, it’s wise to consider the long-term prospects of the industry you’re interested in. Research whether it’s a growing field, with a range of opportunities at different levels, so you can progress throughout your career.
  • Have you spoken to someone who already works in the industry? If possible, talk to someone who is already doing the kind of work you’re interested in. Ask them how they got there, whether they enjoy their role, and if they have any advice for someone following the same path.

Universities in England & Wales

If university is the route you’re considering, England has a fantastic range of institutions offering high-quality education. Some of the top universities in the UK include:

Remember, choosing what you want to do after school can feel like a big decision, but take the time to explore your interests, ask for advice, and think about what truly excites you. This is the first step in shaping your future, and there are plenty of options out there to fit your goals.

Dealing with Mixed Emotions After Leaving School

Leaving school in England can feel like a major life change. After years of structured days, surrounded by friends, the transition into adulthood is abrupt. You may find yourself with newfound freedom, but also a loss of the safety net that school provided. Suddenly, you’re responsible for your own decisions and the path ahead.

It’s natural to feel a mix of emotions as you try to figure out your next steps. Here’s how to handle it:

  • Talk to your friends. They’re likely feeling the same way, and even though you’re not in school together anymore, you can still support one another. Staying in touch and sharing your experiences can make the transition easier.
  • Take your time It can seem like you need to make quick decisions but don’t rush into anything. Important choices about your future need time. It’s okay to try things out and change your mind—it’s all part of the process.
  • Don't panic when things don't go to plan. Maybe you didn’t land the apprenticeship you wanted or missed out on a job you were excited about. It happens. Learn from setbacks and use feedback to improve for next time.
  • Focus on the present. It’s easy to worry about where you’ll be in 5 or 10 years, especially when interviewers ask about it. But no one has all the answers. Concentrate on what you can do now to progress in your career, and the long-term will fall into place.
  • Get excited about your future. You’ve worked hard to get to this point, and now you’re about to start a new chapter. Enjoy it! There are endless possibilities ahead, and this is your chance to shape your own path.

The importance of work experience - and how to get it

After leaving school, it’s normal to feel unsure about what career path to take. That’s where work experience comes in. It offers a chance to explore different industries and roles, helping you discover what you enjoy—and what you don’t. Even if the experience shows you a role isn’t right for you, you’ll still gain insights and learn more about your strengths.

Benefits of Work Experience:

  • Gain real insight into a role: It’s important to enjoy your job. Work experience gives you firsthand exposure to what a role is really like, rather than relying on what others say. It helps you decide if the career is right for you.
  • Build your CV with experience: Even a short stint in a workplace helps you adjust to working life and shows employers that you’ve already had a taste of the working world. This makes you more attractive to future employers.
  • Have something to talk about in interviews: Work experience gives you real-life examples of overcoming challenges, which you can share during job interviews. Employers often ask how you’ve handled difficulties, and having workplace experience will give you better answers.
  • Boost your confidence: Starting your career can feel intimidating, but getting some initial experience under your belt will help you feel more prepared and confident when you start applying for roles.
  • It could lead to a job: Impress during work experience, and it could turn into a job offer. Even if it doesn’t, you’ll have a good reference and valuable contacts in the industry

If your school doesn’t organise work experience for you, it can feel daunting to know where to start. You can do it during the school holidays or after you’ve finished your exams, but it’s important to plan ahead to secure placements. Businesses need time to prepare, so don’t expect to contact them last minute and start the following week.

To secure work experience, try the following:

  • Ask about employers who've accepted work experience students before. Whether it’s a friend who’s already completed work experience or a careers advisor with connections, companies that have previously offered placements are often open to doing so again.
  • Try a speculative approach. : If there’s a specific company you’d love to work for, reach out to them directly. Explain the skills you could bring and what you hope to learn. Employers appreciate enthusiasm and commitment—so you never know what might happen unless you ask.
  • Look into organisations like The Prince’s Trust They offer 'Get into' courses across England to help young people gain practical industry experience. Keep an eye on their latest offerings for opportunities to get your foot in the door.

In England, apprenticeships provide a flexible and valuable pathway into a variety of careers, offering a blend of hands-on work experience and academic learning. They’re structured to suit different stages of your education and career. There are Intermediate, Advanced, Higher, and Degree Apprenticeships, each catering to different levels of qualifications and experience.

The government is aiming to increase apprenticeship opportunities, with many sectors embracing apprentices as a vital part of their workforce. By 2020, the goal was to have 3 million apprenticeship starts, ensuring a wide range of opportunities for school leavers and those looking to upskill or change careers.

To determine which apprenticeship is suitable for you, here's a bit more detail:

Intermediate Apprenticeships (Level 2)

Who it's for: School leavers aged 16 or over who have completed GCSEs.

What it involves: As an entry-level apprenticeship, this option is ideal if you want to get into the workforce quickly while continuing to learn. Intermediate apprenticeships typically take one to two years and are equivalent to five GCSEs. You’ll split your time between working in your chosen industry and studying towards relevant qualifications, such as a Level 2 diploma.

Industries available: Construction, childcare, healthcare, retail, and more.

Whether you plan to continue with a modern apprenticeship, head straight into work or apply for further education, you'll have the right foundation.

Benefits:

  • Gain practical experience while earning a qualification.
  • Great entry point if you’re just starting your career or want to try out a particular industry.
  • Paid work experience alongside structured training.

Advanced Apprenticeships (Level 3)

Who it's for: School leavers who have completed their GCSEs or those who have finished an Intermediate Apprenticeship.

What it involves: Advanced Apprenticeships offer more responsibility and a higher level of qualification, equivalent to two A-levels. They typically take two years to complete, and you'll spend time in both the workplace and training with a college or training provider.

Industries available: Engineering, IT, business administration, marketing, and more.

Benefits:

  • Gain industry-recognized qualifications.
  • Provides a solid alternative to A-levels or college.
  • Opportunity to progress to a Higher Apprenticeship upon completion.

Higher Apprenticeships (Level 4 and above)

Who it's for: Those who have completed A-levels or an Advanced Apprenticeship

What it involves: Higher Apprenticeships offer a combination of work and study at a higher level, equivalent to a foundation degree or above. They provide a route into professional roles without attending a traditional university full-time. You’ll work towards qualifications like a Level 4 diploma while continuing to work and earn.

Industries available: Finance, healthcare, management, and engineering.

Benefits:

  • Gain qualifications equivalent to higher education while earning a salary.
  • Often leads to management-level positions or specialized roles.
  • Potential to continue onto a Degree Apprenticeship.

Degree Apprenticeships (Levels 6 and 7)

Who it's for: People looking to gain a full undergraduate or postgraduate degree while working.

What it involves: Degree Apprenticeships allow you to work full-time while earning a bachelor’s or master’s degree, with your employer and the government covering your tuition costs. You’ll split your time between the workplace and studying at a university or college. These programs usually take between three and six years to complete.

Industries available: IT, engineering, digital, finance, and civil engineering.

Benefits:

  • Avoid student debt as your tuition is fully funded.
  • Earn a full salary while studying for a degree.
  • Gain valuable industry experience and be well-positioned for professional roles upon completion.

The benefits of apprenticeships

An apprenticeship is an excellent option for young people and career-changers alike. They offer a balance of education and on-the-job experience, helping you develop skills while earning a wage. Here’s why apprenticeships are a great choice:

  • Nationally recognized qualifications: Upon completion, you'll hold qualifications that are respected by employers across the country.
  • Practical experience: You’ll gain hands-on experience in a real working environment, giving you an edge over candidates with purely academic backgrounds.
  • Career progression: Apprenticeships can often lead to permanent employment with the company you train with. In many cases, apprentices progress to higher levels, from Advanced Apprenticeships to Degree Apprenticeships.
  • Support and guidance: You’ll have access to both academic and workplace mentors, ensuring you’re supported every step of the way.

How to Secure an Apprenticeship

If you’re interested in starting an apprenticeship, here are some steps to help you secure a position:

  • Explore your options: Visit websites like the National Apprenticeship Service or findapprenticeship.gov.uk to browse available apprenticeship roles. These sites allow you to search for opportunities by industry, location, and level.
  • Tailor your application: Your CV and cover letter should be specific to the apprenticeship you’re applying for. Highlight relevant skills, work experience, and why you’re motivated to pursue a career in this field.
  • Prepare for interviews: Be ready to explain why you’ve chosen the apprenticeship route and how it aligns with your career goals. Employers are looking for enthusiasm, willingness to learn, and a strong work ethic.

Tips for Your CV and Cover Letters

Your CV and cover letter are your first chance to make an impression on potential employers. As a recent school leaver in England, you might not have much work experience yet, but that’s perfectly normal. No one expects you to have a long list of jobs, but you can still make your CV stand out by highlighting the experience and skills you have. Think of your CV as a way to "sell" yourself to employers. Here are some key tips:

  • Extracurricular activities: Did you participate in any clubs, sports teams, or school events? Perhaps you contributed to the school newsletter, took part in a debate club, or went on a student exchange trip. These activities show you’re well-rounded and have interests beyond academics.
  • Part-time work: If you've had a part-time job, whether in a shop, café, or elsewhere, make sure to include it. Even if the job isn’t directly related to your future career, it demonstrates skills like time management, responsibility, and teamwork.
  • Work experience: Many schools encourage work experience placements, which can provide valuable insights into a particular industry. If you’ve completed any, highlight it in your CV.
  • Social media and online presence: If relevant and appropriate, you can include links to your social media profiles or blogs, especially if they showcase your work or skills. LinkedIn is a good platform for building a professional network.
  • Relevant skills: You’ve likely gained useful skills outside the classroom. These can include volunteering, hobbies, cash handling, working with children, or representing your school at events. Mention them in your cover letter, linking them to why you’re a strong candidate for the job or apprenticeship.

Of course, your CV should also include your academic grades. Highlight subjects that are particularly relevant to the role you’re applying for, but don’t focus too much on school itself. Instead, lead with transferable skills and demonstrate your interest in the field. Be sure to include the basics, like your contact details (with a professional email address).

Creativity is increasingly popular in CV presentation. Some candidates use infographics or videos to stand out, but only consider this approach if it suits the industry you’re applying to.

Key education myths

Believing things are a certain way can often hold us back, as we make assumptions about what can - and can't - be done. To make sure no opportunities are missed, check out all these myths people tend to believe, and the reasons why you shouldn't.

  • Myth: If you want a job in a certain industry, you need a relevant qualification.

    Reality: It could give you an advantage and, in some careers, is a requirement. But you'll be surprised how many people have successful careers without having studied something similar at school. Don't be put off investigating further just because you don't have a directly-related qualification. Looking at what route successful people took to get where they are is often a great motivator - many stories will surprise you.
  • Myth: Bad grades will affect you for a long time.

    Reality: If you don't get the grades you wanted, don't despair. There are resits, and you can progress without straight As. Tests only measure a small part of your capabilities and a lot of employers are more interested in your work experience and attitude to challenging situations. If you can secure placements in work environments, that experience will more than make up for some poor results at school. It'll give you a lot more to talk about in interviews too.
  • Myth: Without any experience, you won't find a job.

    Reality: You could have finished school without ever having a part-time job or work experience. That's normal. It won't stop you getting a job, but it does mean you should be focusing on entry-level roles or those which specify training is available. This advice is applicable to most school leavers.
  • Myth: It's all about who you know, not what you know.

    Reality: Don't worry if you don't have any connections in the industry you want to work in. Landing a job just because you know someone in the company is quite rare. Sure, people can pass on words of wisdom and introduce you to their connections - but ultimately, you still need to get their attention and have the right credentials. And that'll help you secure any role - without an introduction.

Altering your perception slightly can have a huge impact on what jobs you'll put yourself forward for. The right attitude goes a long way in securing a position.

Myths About Apprenticeships and Careers

There are many misconceptions surrounding apprenticeships and career progression. Here are some common myths debunked:

Myth: Apprenticeships are only for people who don’t get into university.

Reality: Apprenticeships are a valuable route into skilled careers and higher education. Degree Apprenticeships even allow you to gain a full university degree while working, without the debt.

Myth: You can’t earn a good salary as an apprentice.

Reality: While starting salaries can be lower, apprenticeships set you up for long-term career success. Many apprentices go on to earn competitive wages, and some industries, like engineering and IT, offer high starting salaries.

Myth: Without experience, you won’t find a job.

Reality: Apprenticeships are designed for people without much work experience. Employers know that you’re there to learn and develop your skills on the job.

Searching for Apprenticeships in England

To maximize your chances of finding the right apprenticeship, it’s important to search in the right places and use effective strategies:

  • Online job boards: Websites like gov.uk, findapprenticeship.gov.uk, and Indeed have thousands of apprenticeship listings.
  • Company websites: If you have a specific company in mind, check their careers page regularly to see when they’re hiring apprentices.
  • Careers fairs: Attend events designed for school leavers or young adults seeking apprenticeships. These fairs often feature employers looking to fill apprenticeship positions.
  • Job centres: Your local job centre can help you find apprenticeships and entry-level positions, and may provide guidance on applications and interviews.

Tips for success

  • Attend careers fairs: Many employers attend school leaver fairs and apprenticeship events to meet potential candidates. These events are a great way to learn about apprenticeship schemes and meet employers face-to-face.
  • Use online resources: Many websites, like gov.uk, UCAS, or company-specific career pages, offer apprenticeship listings. Be sure to use filters to find roles that match your skills and interests.
  • Network: If you have connections in industries you’re interested in, reach out for advice or potential leads on apprenticeship openings. Even if you don’t know anyone personally, recruiters and LinkedIn can be helpful resources.

Mastering an interview

As a school leaver, interviews can seem intimidating, especially if you’ve never had one before. However, with the right preparation, you can approach interviews with confidence. Remember, it’s just a conversation, and interviewers want to get to know you. Here are some tips for handling interviews:

Before the interview

  • Research the role and company: Take the time to learn about the company, the job role, and the person interviewing you (if possible). This shows that you’re well-prepared and genuinely interested in the opportunity.
  • Plan your journey: Make sure you know how long it’ll take to get to the interview, allowing extra time in case of delays. It’s always better to arrive early and have time to compose yourself than to rush and arrive flustered.

During the interview

  • Ask for water: Even if you’re not thirsty, having a sip of water gives you a moment to think and gather your thoughts. Take your time to answer questions clearly and confidently.
  • Highlight your achievements: Interviews are not the time to be overly modest. Be proud of your accomplishments—whether it’s your exam results, work experience, or any extracurricular activities. Confidence in your abilities will make you stand out as a strong candidate.
  • Be yourself: While it’s important to be professional, don’t be afraid to let your personality shine through. Employers aren’t just looking for someone with the right skills—they also want someone who will fit into the team.
  • Mind your body language: How you present yourself physically is just as important as what you say. Make sure to maintain good posture, make eye contact, and avoid fidgeting.

What do employers want to see?

Even if you don’t have much formal work experience, employers are looking for certain qualities in school leavers:

  • An interest in the role and industry
  • Ability to work both independently and in a team
  • Awareness of how you can contribute to the job
  • Trustworthiness and reliability
  • Good communication skills
  • A willingness to learn and grow
  • Hobbies and interests that show you're a well-rounded individual

After the interview

  • Ask about next steps: At the end of the interview, ask when you can expect to hear back about the result. It shows you’re interested and gives you an idea of when to follow up.
  • Send a follow-up email: If you have direct contact with the interviewer, send a thank-you email the day after the interview. Express your appreciation for their time and reiterate your interest in the position.
  • Request feedback if you don’t get the job: If you're unsuccessful, don’t be afraid to ask for feedback. Constructive criticism can help you improve for future interviews and make you a stronger candidate next time.

Leaving school is a significant milestone, and your next steps will help shape your future. Whether it’s a job, apprenticeship, or further education, make sure to approach the process with confidence and curiosity. You’ve got the potential—now’s the time to show it.

Other useful resources

For more information to help you as you leave school in England, check out these links:

School leaving age: Can you leave school at 16 and what are your options?
https://educationhub.blog.gov.uk/2024/01/11/school-leaving-age-can-you-leave-school-at-16-and-what-are-your-options/

How to Decide What to Do After School
https://barclayslifeskills.com/i-want-to-choose-my-next-step/school/how-to-decide-what-to-do-after-school

The Student Room: Emotional About Leaving School
https://www.thestudentroom.co.uk/showthread.php?t=207674

Top Skills for School Leavers
https://targetcareers.co.uk/careers-advice/skills-and-experience/40-the-top-ten-skills-that-ll-get-you-a-job-when-you-leave-school

UCAS: Applying for Apprenticeships
https://www.ucas.com/apprenticeships/applying

With the right preparation, securing a job or apprenticeship after leaving school is well within your reach. Good luck!